What Causes Hearing Loss
- 1. What problems can affect the outer ear
- 2. What problems can affect the middle ear
- 3. What problems can affect the inner ear
What Problems Can Affect The Outer Ear
Anything that completely blocks the ear canal can cause hearing loss. Blockage with earwax (also called cerumen) is common. A doctor can cure this easily by removing the wax either with specially designed instruments or by flushing with water. There are many over-the-counter wax control preparations that can be used at home. However, they sometimes can cause external ear infections.
FACTS
Q: Is it a good idea to remove wax inside the ear with cotton-tipped swabs
A: No. The ear has a natural self-cleaning mechanism. Ear skin normally sheds from the inside out. If you place a drop of ink on the eardrum and wait a few weeks, it will turn up near the opening of the ear. The ear canal is also a shaped like a funnel, with the narrow end near the eardrum. Cotton swabs generally push wax deeper into the ear than it normally is (wax forms only in the outer segment of the ear canal), and packs it into a mass. As long as there is even a pinhole opening in the packed wax, hearing is usually good. However, when the canal is completely blocked by wax, substantial hearing loss develops.
Many other problems can block the ear canal and lead to hearing loss. Such blocking causes a decrease in volume but does not generally produce distortion. hearing loss These problems include:
Infections with swelling that shuts the ear canal
Foreign bodies in the ear
An injury
Birth defects
A growth in the ear canal
Any of these, including blockage by wax, may result in conductive hearing loss. That is, it interferes with sound conduction and is generally correctable. It causes decrease in volume but does not generally produce distortion.
What Problems Can Affect The Middle Ear
Problems that can affect the middle ear and lead to hearing loss include:
Ear infections
Fluid in the ear
Otosclerosis
Birth defects
Tumors
Ear infections
Temporary hearing loss is commonly caused by ear infections. Middle ear infections cause swelling of the lining in the middle ear, and often an accumulation of fluid (such as pus). When there is fluid behind the eardrum and surrounding the ossicles (the three small bones in the ear), these structures cannot work properly, and hearing loss results.
Infections are usually treated with antibiotics, sometimes with decongestants, and occasionally with drainage by placing a small hole in the eardrum (a procedure called myringotomy). If infections are severe or inadequately treated, they may cause permanent hearing loss by damaging the ossicles or perforating the eardrum.
Nice To Know:
Most perforations (holes) in the eardrum heal spontaneously. When one does not, it can nearly always be repaired with surgery. The procedure is usually relatively fast, and is generally performed under local anesthesia.
Glue ear
Ear fluid not caused by infection accumulates commonly in children, and sometimes in adults. The condition is known as glue ear, or chronic otitis media with effusion (OME). It sometimes requires drainage through a myringotomy or with the placement of ear tubes. This ordinarily eliminates the hearing loss almost instantly.
Fluid in the ear usually is due to malfunction of the eustachian tube, which connects the ear with the back of the throat. The job of the eustachian tube is to keep the pressure in the middle ear approximately the same as that in the ear canal and outside world.
The eustachian tube does this by opening momentarily when we swallow or yawn.
If it fails to open because of swelling, allergy, or other reasons, the air already in the middle ear becomes trapped.
Gradually, this air is absorbed into the bloodstream. The middle ear space is bony except for the eardrum. As absorption occurs and less and less air is present, its disappearance creates a vacuum (negative pressure), which sucks the eardrum toward the middle ear (retracted ear drum).